Seeing the full range of elements present in the sample’s surface makes it easier to zero in on specific XPS spectra in subsequent high-resolution testing.
For each element, there is a range of electron states open to excitation by the x-ray beam. XPS detects all elements besides hydrogen and helium, so a survey scan is usually a starting point for most analyses. In addition, the binding energy changes with the chemical environment of the element, causing an effect is known as “chemical shift.” As a result, XPS can estimate the thickness, uniformity, and surface chemistry of the sample’s surface, coatings, and films. This uniqueness allows the use of binding energy to identify the elements present on the surface of the analyzed material.īecause XPS only detects electrons that escape from the sample and reach the detector, the elemental signals from the surface are much stronger than from those deeper in the sample. The energy needed to cause the core electron to be emitted and subsequently detected is unique to each element. When the x-ray beam hits the surface of the material, the energy from the x-ray is absorbed by one of the core electrons. To dive a little deeper, each atom in a material contains core electrons. From there, the kinetic energy and the number of electrons that escape from the top 0 to 10 nanometers of the sample are measured. Simply put, XPS uses an x-ray beam to excite atoms on the surface of a solid sample, which spurs the release of photoelectrons. In order to interpret XPS or ESCA results, it’s helpful to understand how this technique actually works. What do all those peaks and jagged lines mean? When you work with Innovatech Labs, you’ll receive detailed insights and actionable recommendations in an easy-to-understand format.Īnd for those of you who’d like to dig in and truly understand the data and what the results mean, we have developed this introduction to analyzing and interpreting XPS data. Of course, XPS survey scans aren’t exactly self-explanatory. XPS analysis is a widely used surface analysis technique, with applications across numerous industries.Īlso referred to as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), XPS is suitable for a broad range of materials, and can provide valuable information about the elemental and binding energy of a material’s surfaces and interfaces. If you’ve ever sent a sample in for surface analysis, there’s a good chance that you’re already familiar with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Critical Medical Device Testing Services.Hard Drive Microcontamination Testing Services.Quality Control Testing for Manufactured Products.
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